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    Mobilizing cities towards a low-carbon future: Tambourines, carrots and sticks

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    Publication type
    Vlerick strategic journal article
    Author
    Azevedo, Isabel
    Delarue, Erik
    Meeus, Leonardo
    Publication Year
    2013
    Journal
    Energy Policy
    Publication Volume
    61
    Publication Issue
    October
    Publication Begin page
    894
    Publication End page
    900
    
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    Abstract
    In the transition towards a low-carbon future in Europe, cities' actions are of major importance due to the prominence of urbanization, both in terms of population and in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As a result, we need city authorities to act, by using their competences as policy makers as well as energy users. However, cities are still not moving as fast as one might expect, indicating the need for additional incentives to prompt local action. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present an overview of external incentives that might prompt cities to act and to highlight good practices that could be used in future initiatives. This paper first discusses how to evaluate the climate and energy performance of a city and how local authorities can contribute to its improvements. Moreover, it analyses the disincentives that local governments are confronted with, categorizing them as simple market failures, institutional failures and multi-agent failures. The paper then presents a survey of initiatives at national and EU levels to promote local action towards a low-carbon future; grouping them into tambourines, carrots and sticks. We focus on Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden because they are pioneering countries regarding energy policies for cities.
    Keyword
    Energy Markets, Climate Change, Local governments, EU Energy Policy
    Knowledge Domain/Industry
    Special Industries : Energy
    DOI
    10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.065
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12127/4786
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.065
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