Audenaert, MiekeVanderstraeten, AlexBuyens, Dirk2017-12-022017-12-02201710.1080/09585192.2015.1137610http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12127/5598HRM and the leader are often assumed to play a joint role in affecting employee reactions. In a multilevel, time-lagged study, we examined the joint role of the employment relationship and leader-member exchange (LMX). We tested whether this joint role is essential to when LMX leads to affective well-being via psychological empowerment. We build on HRM literature to expect that the relationship of LMX with psychological empowerment is stronger when the employment relationship is consistent with LMX quality. Results indicated that psychological empowerment mediates the relationship between LMX and affective well-being. This mediation is stronger for employees in a mutual investment employment relationship. The findings point at the importance of consistency of resources from the employment relationship and LMX. Nevertheless, the findings also suggest that resources from LMX compensate for employment relationships with low resources. Our findings contribute to scholars' understanding of the joint role of HRM systems and leader behaviors.enPeople Management & LeadershipInternational Journal of Human Resource Management5724535842261506892